Longest Horns on a Beef Animal

For the athletics programs of The University of Texas at Austin, come across Texas Longhorns.

American brood of cattle

Texas Longhorn

Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at adventure[1] : 145 Livestock Conservancy (2021): critical[2] DAD-IS (2022): non at risk[3]
Country of origin	Usa
Traits
Coat	red, white, black, brown
Horn status	horned, big thick horns
Cattle Bos primigenius

The Texas Longhorn is an American breed of beef cattle, characterized by its long horns, which can span more than than 8 ft (2.4 chiliad) from tip to tip.^[4] It derives from cattle brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Americas by Castilian conquistadores from the time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until nigh 1512.^[five]

For hundreds of years the cattle lived a semi-feral existence on the rangelands; they have a higher tolerance of oestrus and drought than most European breeds.^[vi]

It tin can be of whatever colour or mix of colors. In some xl% of the cattle information technology is some shade of crimson, often a low-cal crimson; the just shade of scarlet not seen is the deep color typical of the Hereford.

History [edit]

The Texas Longhorn derives from cattle brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadores from the time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until well-nigh 1512.^[five] The first cattle were landed in 1493 on the Caribbean island of La Isla Española (now known equally Hispaniola) to provide food for the colonists.^{[7] : 279 [8]}

Over the side by side two centuries, the Spaniards used the cattle in Mexico and gradually moved them due north to accompany their expanding settlements. The Spaniards reached the area that became known as "Texas" most the end of the 17th century. Eventually, some cattle escaped or were turned loose on the open range, where they remained mostly feral for the next ii centuries. Over several generations, descendants of these cattle adult to have loftier feed- and drought-stress tolerances and other "hardy" characteristics that accept given Longhorns their reputation as livestock.^{[ix] [6]}

Early Anglo-American settlers in Eastward Texas, and then a part of Mexico, obtained feral Mexican cattle from the borderland between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. They bred them with their ain eastern cattle. The result was a tough, rangy animal that was characterized by its lengthy legs and exceptionally long horns that extended upwardly to 7 feet.

As Texas became more densely settled through increased migration subsequently information technology was annexed by the U.Due south., the frontier was adult for crop farms and ranch lands. The leaner beefiness of the Texas Longhorn was non as attractive in an era where tallow was highly prized. The breed's ability to survive on the poor vegetation of the open range was not every bit important as the range was enclosed. Other breeds demonstrated traits more than highly valued by the modern rancher, such as the ability to proceeds weight quickly for marketing equally beefiness.

The Texas Longhorn stock slowly dwindled, but in 1927, the breed was saved from near extinction by enthusiasts from the United States Forest Service. They collected a modest herd of stock to breed on the Wichita Mountains Wild fauna Refuge in Lawton, Oklahoma.^[10] The brood likewise received meaning attention after a Texas Longhorn named "Bevo" was adopted every bit the mascot of The Academy of Texas at Austin in 1917. The animal's epitome became commonly associated with the school's sports teams, known as the Texas Longhorns. A few years afterwards, J. Frank Dobie and others gathered pocket-sized herds to go on in Texas state parks. Oilman Sid W. Richardson helped finance the projection.^[eleven] The Longhorns were cared for largely every bit curiosities, but the stock'south longevity, resistance to disease, and ability to thrive on marginal pastures resulted in a revival of the breed as beef stock and for their link to Texas history.

In 1957, Charles Schreiner III began creating a Longhorn herd on his ranch, the Y O, in Mountain Home, Texas, as a tribute to the ranching legacy of his grandfather, Captain Charles Armand Schreiner, and the Longhorns he ran on his ranches. Schreiner purchased five heifers and i bull dogie for $75 each from the Wichita Mountains Wild animals Refuge near Lawton. In 1964, Schreiner founded the Texas Longhorn Breeders Clan of America. The YO herd was the start cattle registered with the association. To draw attending to the Longhorn and its new association, in 1966, Schreiner organized a cattle drive of Longhorn steers from San Antonio, Texas to Dodge Urban center, Kansas.^[12] The drive was promoted as a centennial celebration of the before Chisholm Trail drives. Schreiner arranged for local members of the Quanah sheriff's posse to stage a simulated "Indian assail" as the steers crossed the Ruddy River at Doan's Crossing. The attack was so accurate that the steers stampeded with cowboys in close pursuit. Four hours were needed to reassemble the herd. In 1976, Texas Tech University in Lubbock persuaded Schreiner to phase a cattle trail drive to gloat its new National Ranching Heritage Center.^[xiii]

In 1995, the Texas Legislature designated the Texas Longhorn as the state mammal (big).^[14] In the 21st century, Texas Longhorns from elite bloodlines can sell for $xl,000 or more at sale. The tape of $380,000 on March 18, 2017, was for a cow, 3S Danica, and heifer calf at side, during the Legacy 13 sale in Fort Worth, Texas.^[15]

Registries for the brood include: the Texas Longhorn Breeders Association of America, founded in 1964 by the Kerr County rancher Charles Schreiner III; the International Texas Longhorn Association; and the Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry.^[sixteen] The online National Texas Longhorn Museum displays the diversity of horns found in the breed, stories about notable private cattle of the breed, and a gallery of furniture fabricated from cattle horns.^[17]

Characteristics [edit]

The Longhorn is genetically shut to Iberian cattle breeds such equally the De Lidia and Retinta of Spain and the Alentejana and Mertolenga of Portugal.^[xviii] Like other Criollo cattle of the Americas and many breeds of southern Europe, it is principally of taurine (European) derivation, but has a small admixture of indicine genetic heritage; this may be a consequence of gene menstruation beyond the Strait of Gibraltar from cattle of African origin dating to earlier the time of the Castilian Conquest.^[5]

The horns are in some cases very long. In general, the horns of bulls are of moderate length, while those of steers may be much longer.^{[19] : 313} In 2022 the Guinness Volume of Records reported the longest spread of cattle horns (on a living animate being) to be: 323.7 cm (127.iv in) for a steer called Poncho Via; 265.1 cm (104.4 in) for a cow named 3S Danica; and 262.5 cm (103.3 in) for a bull named Cowboy Tuff Chex. All three were Texas Longhorns.^[20]

Coat color is extremely variable. In some twoscore% of the cattle information technology is some shade of crimson, ofttimes a lite red; the just shade of red not seen is the deep colour typical of the Hereford. The finching pattern is common; when the base of operations color is black it is chosen zorillo , from the Spanish for 'skunk'.^{[19] : 313} Other colors include variations of blackness, blue, brownish, cream, dun, grey, yellowish or white, either with or without brindling (called gateada , from the Spanish word for 'cat'), speckling or spotting.^{[19] : 313} Speckled and solid-coloured animals are in roughly equal proportion.^[2]

Utilise [edit]

The Longhorn was traditionally reared for beef.^[21] In the 20-commencement century it is considered part of the cultural heritage of Texas.^{[22] : 343} It may be kept for conservation reasons, or bred for greater horn length.^[23] It is occasionally used for steer riding.^{[24] [25]}

References [edit]

1. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007).List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resource, annex to The Country of the Globe'due south Creature Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
2. ^ ^{a b} Texas Longhorn Cattle (CTLR). The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 19 Oct 2021.
3. ^ Breed data canvas: Texas Longhorn / United states of america (Cattle). Domestic Creature Diversity Information Organisation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2022.
4. ^ Siebert, Charles (July 2011). "Nutrient Ark". National Geographic.
5. ^ ^{a b c} McTavish, Emily Jane (March 25, 2013). "New Globe cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (15): E1398–E1406. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E1398M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303367110. PMC3625352. PMID 23530234.
6. ^ ^{a b} Daniel Oppenheimer (March 25, 2013). Decoding the genetic history of the Texas longhorn. ScienceDaily. Academy of Texas at Austin. Accessed February 2022.
7. ^ Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale Academy Press. ISBN 0300088809.
8. ^ Rouse, John East. (1977). The Criollo: Spanish Cattle in the Americas. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Printing.
9. ^ Barragy, Terrence J. (2003). Gathering Texas Gold . Cayo del Grullo, TX: Cayo Del Grullo Press. ISBN9780961160487.
10. ^ Donald Due east. Worcester. "Longhorn Cattle," Handbook of Texas Online. Published by the Texas State Historical Clan.
11. ^ Galbraith, Kate (October 12, 2012). "Symbol of Texas Owes its Survival in Part to Oklahoma". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved October 12, 2012.
12. ^ "YO Ranch". Texas History Notebook. December 6, 2016. Retrieved September six, 2020.
13. ^ Dr. Idris R. Taylor Jr., ed. (April 1976). "Trail drive to Marker opening of Center". The International Center for Barren and Semiarid Land Studies. ICASALS Newsletter. Texas Tech University. 9 (2): 5–half-dozen. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
14. ^ "Texas State Symbols". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. tsl.texas.gov. Retrieved July vii, 2019.
15. ^ "Texas Longhorn Cow Sells For $380,000.00". rightsidesd.com. March 19, 2017.
16. ^ "Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry". Cattlemen'due south Texas Longhorn Registry. Retrieved December xiii, 2013.
17. ^ "The Alan Rogers Texas Longhorn Museum". longhornmuseum.com.
18. ^ Kidd, K. Grand.; et al. (1980). "Immunogenetic and Population Genetic Analyses of Iberian Cattle" (PDF). Animate being Claret Groups and Biochemical Genetics. xi (i): 21–38. doi:x.1111/j.1365-2052.1980.tb01489.x. PMID 7396241.
19. ^ ^{a b c} Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Stonemason's Earth Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
20. ^ Records: "cattle horns". Guinness Book of Records. Guinness World Records. Accessed Feb 2022.
21. ^ Quick Reference Guide to Heritage Cattle. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived xiv December 2021.
22. ^ Joshua Specht (2016). The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of the Texas Longhorn: An Evolutionary History. Ecology History. 21 (2):343–363. doi:10.1093/envhis/emv148. (subscription required)>
23. ^ "A $380,000 Longhorn? A Look At The Never-ending Race For The Biggest Horns In Texas". Texas Standard . Retrieved September 13, 2018.
24. ^ "A fresh mount: Bob McCormick breaks longhorn steer to ride for bicentennial parade". Tri-Stock Livestock News . Retrieved September v, 2018.
25. ^ "Oklahoma couple breeds longhorns for riding". The Argue Mail . Retrieved September 5, 2018.

Farther reading [edit]

• Volition C. Barnes, "Wichita Forest Will Be Lair of Longhorns", The Cattleman, April 1926.
• Dan Kilgore, "Texas Cattle Origins", The Cattleman, January 1983.
• James Westfall Thompson, History of Livestock Raising in the United States, 1607-1860 (Washington: U.South. Department of Agriculture, 1942).
• James Frank Dobie, The Longhorns (Austin, Texas: Academy of Texas Press, 1980) (ISBN 029274627X).
• Don Worcester, The Texas Longhorn: Relic of the Past, Asset for the Future (College Station: Texas A&K University Press, 1987) (ISBN 0890966257).
• Neal Barrett, Jr., Long Days and Curt Nights, A Century of Texas Ranching on the Y O 1880-1980 (Y O Press, Mountain Home, Texas, 1980)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Longhorn#:~:text=In%202022%20the%20Guinness%20Book,All%20three%20were%20Texas%20Longhorns.

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